The direct tax is  directly paid to the government by an individual on taxable income on the tax slab based on individual's age. The corporate entities pay the direct tax on the taxable net profits. The direct taxes are overlooked by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). The CBDT formulates policies, guides and supervises the implementation of direct tax laws. 

Some common type of Direct Taxes:

• Income tax

• Corporate tax

• Capital gain tax

• Perquisite tax

• Security transaction tax

• Wealth tax

The CBDT plays a crucial role in the assessment, scrutiny, and collection of direct taxes in India.

Every assessee who is taxable limit shall file return and pay the tax on or before the due date of filing return.

Indirect tax is a tax levied on goods and services rather then on income or profits. An indirect taxes are charged on the consumption of goods and services and levied on import and export of  goods or services. The indirect taxes are overlooked by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC)

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC) formulates the  policy concerning levy and collection of customs and central excise duties, Service Tax, Goods and Services Tax.

Before the Goods and Services Tax, the state collected the VAT and the centre collected the CST on sale of goods.

A profession tax is collected on Professions, Trades, Callings and Employments Act.

Some common type of Indirect Taxes: 

• Goods and services tax : a tax levied on monetary value added at each stage of supply till the final sale to consumers.

• Customs duty : a duty levied on import or export of goods or services.

• Central excise duty : a duty levied on goods manufactured.

• Service tax : a tax on services provided by the provider to receiver.

• Vat : collected in stages on transaction involving sales of goods. It is form of sales tax.

• CST : levied on sale of goods during inter state trade or commerce.

Criminal law is a set of rules framed for protecting the individuals, persons, victims, society from criminal offences and also protecting the property, health, safety and moral welfare of people.

A criminal offence refers to any act or omission that is prohibited and punishable under the Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code.Criminal offences include murder, theft, rape, kidnapping, forgery, robbery, physical assault and so on.

Criminal offence can be a cognizable and non cognizable in nature. 

A criminal case is a legal process initiated to prosecute an individual or entity for committing a criminal offence.

A civil lawsuit involves a person or entity  can institute a legal proceedings against another person or entity in a court in illegal matters.

Civil lawsuits involve disputes over will, estate, transfer of property, money recovery, possession recovery, joint property, tenancy, eviction procedure, custody, damages, partitions, rent fixation, joint tenancy landlord or tenancy issues, verification of property papers, legal heir certificates, partition suits, land encroachment cases, GPA, gift deeds, succession certificate  and so on. 

The central and state service matters relating to  Central Government and State Government ( Odisha & Andhra Pradesh) employees who face suspension, recruitment, posting, removal from service, non payment of salary without conducting a proper inquiry and misappropriation of government funds, dispute in arrear of salary and so on.

Banking law covers a wide range of legal issues from personal loan to complex business transactions.We ensure that the clients should comply with all the legal and regulatory requirements related to banking and financing of funds as per the guidelines issued by RBI from time to time. There is contractual relationship between banker and borrower while credit lending facility.

Corporate finance plays a very important role in business. Without obtaining funds from banking sector , the huge amount of capital can not be invested for business operations. Borrower constructs and regulates borrowing and lending transactions while procuring the corporate finance for the business operations.

The Consumer Protection Act protects the rights of consumers. The act gives easy and fast compensation to consumer grievances.

A consumer can file a civil suit in following cases:

• Deficiency in service

• Unfair trade practice 

• Defective goods

• Restrictive trade practice 

An agreement documented in writing and  legally binding and enforceable under Indian Contract Act, it becomes a commercial contract.

Commercial contract includes:

• Banking and Financial agreement

• Lease or Rent agreement

• Outsourcing agreement

• Sale agreement 

• Purchase agreement

• Partnership agreement

• Commercial agreement

• Real Estate Construction Service Contracts agreement

We offer legal services to client under different sections as well as provisions of The Code on Wages 2019,The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020,The Code on Social Security 2020, The Industrial Relations Code, 2020, The Factories Act, 1948, The Shops and Establishment Act, 1954 and so on.

The imports and exports of goods,cargo, baggage, postal articles, and arrival and departure of vessels, aircrafts, etc. and services, and collection of Customs duty are governed  by Customs Act and Customs Tariff Act respectively. The  imports and exports are regulated by the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act. 

Every business should have a Importer-Exporter Code Number ( IEC) to make import or export of goods or services or both. The IEC is granted by Director General of Foreign Trade.

Cheque bounce is a criminal offense U/s 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act 1881.

Cheque dishonour happens when the banker refuses to issue or pay or credit  the amount mentioned in the cheque by the payer(account holder) to the account of  payee. 

The possible reasons for dishonour of cheque can be as follows: 

• When the validity of a cheque i.e. 3 months from the date of issue is expired, the cheque gets bounced.

• When there is a limited or insufficient balance in the account of payer, a cheque is bounced.

• If the payment is stopped or prevented by the actual payer/account holder.

• If the issued cheque has any stain on it or else the condition of the issued cheque is not in mint condition then there is a high probability for banks to refuse it.

• If the signature registered with the bank does not match with the one in the issued cheque then there are chances that the issued cheque gets bounced.

• If the amount in digits and figures do not match with each other. If the amount is overwritten then also a bank can refuse to pay the cheque.

• and other reasons may be there.

Any fraud or unauthorized access made using computer resources or electronic communication devices with the help of internet comes under the purview of Cyber Crime. 

Nature of cases:

• Identity  Theft

• Creation of fake e-mail account

• Creation of fake Facebook account

• Hacking of e-mail account / Password etc.

• ATM Fraud

• Credit Card Fraud

• Online Banking Fraud

• Website defacement

• Nigerian Fraud / Lottery Fraud /  Advance Fee Fraud/ 419 Fraud

• Phishing

• Cyber Stalking

• Cyber Defamation

• so on

Real estate is considered a real property that includes land and any permanent structures attached to land or built on land, like a home, building,  whether natural or man-made. Real estate business is a profession of purchasing, selling or renting of the real estate.

Why people buy real estate property:

• • • Personal use ( to stay )

    • Lease or rent ( to investment )

    • Sale after completion - short term-  (to earn  medium profit)

    • Sale over time (  to support long term goal)

Types of Real estate:

• • • Residential real estate

    • Commercial real estate

    • Industrial real estate

    • Land / plot

Motor vehicle accident claim arises when there is a loss of life, property, or injury resulting from a motor vehicle accident.

An insurance claim is a formal request to an insurance company asking for a payment based on the terms and conditions of the insurance policy. The insurance company reviews the claim for its validity and then pays out to the insured or requesting party (on behalf of the insured) once approved. 

Life Insurance

• Survival benefits

• Death claim

  • • Early death claim

    • Non early death claim

• Maturity claim

General Insurance:

• Claim under Motor insurance 

• Third Party Claim

• Own Damage Claim

• Theft Claim

• Property insurance claim

• Travel insurance claim

• Health insurance claim

The main objectives of the Indian Factories Act, 1948 are to regulate the working conditions in factories, to regulate health, safety, welfare, working hours and annual leave and enact special provision in respect of young persons and women children who work in the factories.

The families of a person are protected and are provided by The Fatal Accidents Act with compensation for loss occasioned by the death of a person of families by actionable wrong.

Company Law is the collection of various legal aspects that govern the formation, running and winding up of a Company. The Companies Act 2013 is about improving corporate governance which revolves around the Board of Directors, Senior Management of the Company, their roles, responsibility and accountability, Rights and equitable treatment of stakeholders, prompt disclosures, transparency, the legal and regulatory compliances and appropriate risk management measures to protect and enhance interest of all stakeholders.